运输生物材料
Introduction
Packaging and shipping biological materials involve certain risks with numerous potential liabilities. The 国际航空运输协会 (IATA), 危险品规例(DGR), latest edition, 这是全球航运的黄金标准吗. The IATA regulations apply to all air transport, both domestic and international. By following the IATA DGR, you ensure that your package will also meet U.S Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements for ground transport. All responsibility for packaging and shipment of these agents have been assigned to the shipper. 其中包括货物分类, 妥善包装货物, 正确的包装标记和标签, 以及适当的装运单据.
Transport of biohazardous goods requires training and certification prior to shipping. Training is mandatory for shippers (the person sending out the package or signing the air bill) and handlers (the people who transport the package) and is based on these regulations. Non-conformance of these regulations can result in a fine to the department found lacking. 船舶及船舶培训 受管制生物物料的运输 is available online through CITI and must be taken every two years.
注意:干冰被认为是危险品. Training and certification are required, and the package must be labeled and shipped accordingly!
可用的服务
UI Biosafety提供以下服务:
- 运输咨询和协助包装
- Biological materials classification, labels, assessment, and regulatory interpretations
- Contact Biosafety Officer at least week ahead of shipping date for assistance in shipping package.
装运类型分类
A shipment of biological material will fall into one of the five following categories:
Unregulated biological materials are not subject to IATA or DOT infectious substance shipping regulations; however, these materials may require a permit for shipment abroad. Please check with UI Biosafety if you have any question as to whether your shipment is unregulated. Some examples of unregulated biological materials include:
- 不含传染原的物质, 而且不应该引起人类或动物的疾病. These include non-infectious cells or tissue cultures; blood, plasma, or sera from humans or animals not suspected of having an infectious disease; DNA, RNA, or any other genetic elements that are not themselves infectious.
- Microorganisms that are not pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants.
- Substances that have been neutralized or inactivated such that they are no longer infectious.
- Environmental samples that are not known, or thought to be, infectious.
- 抗体或药物等生物制品.
传染性物质: According to DOT and IATA, a material known of reasonable expected to contain a pathogen. 病原体是一种微生物(包括细菌), viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) or other agent such as a proteinaceous infectious particle (prion) that can cause disease in humans or animals. 传染性物质分为两类.
A类感染性物质: Category A infectious substances are capable of causing disease in humans or animals. The proper shipping name for A类感染性物质s is Infectious Substance Affecting Humans (UN2814), 或影响动物的传染性物质(UN2900). 这些物质被列为DOT危害等级6.2 (infectious). Contact the Biosafety Officer at least 3 weeks in advance if you will be shipping A类感染性物质s.
A类感染性物质的例子如下:
UN2814，影响人类的传染性物质
- 炭疽芽孢杆菌(只培养物)
- 流产布鲁氏菌(仅培养物)
- 布鲁氏菌(仅培养物)
- 猪布鲁氏菌(仅培养物)
- Burkholderia mallei – Pseudomonas mallei – Glanders (cultures only)
- Burkholderia pseudomallei – Pseudomonas pseudomallei (cultures only)
- 鹦鹉热衣原体-禽流感菌株(仅培养)
- 肉毒梭菌(仅培养物)
- 免疫球虫(仅培养物)
- 伯纳氏Coxiella(仅培养物)
- 克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒
- 登革病毒(仅培养物)
- 东部马脑炎病毒(仅培养物)
- 产毒大肠杆菌(仅培养物)
- Ebola virus
- Flexal virus
- 土拉菌(仅培养物)
- Guanarito virus
- Hantaan virus
- Hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- Hendra virus
- 乙型肝炎病毒(仅培养物)
- B型疱疹病毒(仅培养物)
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒(仅培养物)
- 高致病性禽流感病毒(仅培养物)
- 日本脑炎病毒(仅培养物)
- Junin virus
- 恰萨努尔森林病病毒
- Lassa virus
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Monkeypox virus
- 结核分枝杆菌(仅培养物)
- Nipah virus
- 鄂木斯克出血热病毒
- 脊髓灰质炎病毒(仅培养物)
- 狂犬病毒(仅培养物)
- 普拉兹氏立克次体(仅培养物)
- 立克次体(仅培养体)
- 裂谷热病毒(仅培养物)
- Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (cultures only)
- Sabia virus
- 1型志贺氏痢疾菌(仅培养物)
- 蜱传脑炎病毒(仅培养物)
- Variola virus
- 委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(仅培养物)
- 西尼罗病毒(仅培养物)
- 黄热病病毒(仅培养物)
- 鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(仅培养)
UN2900影响动物的传染性物质:
- 非洲猪瘟病毒(仅培养物)
- Avian paramyxovirus Type 1 – Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (cultures only)
- 猪瘟病毒(仅培养物)
- 口蹄疫病毒(仅培养物)
- 山羊痘病毒(仅培养物)
- 结节性皮肤病病毒(仅培养物)
- Mycoplasma mycoides – Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cultures only)
- 小反刍动物害虫病毒(仅培养物)
- 牛瘟病毒(仅培养物)
- 羊痘病毒(仅培养物)
- 猪水疱病病毒(仅培养物)
- 水疱性口炎病毒(仅培养物)
传染性物质: According to DOT and IATA, a material known of reasonable expected to contain a pathogen. 病原体是一种微生物(包括细菌), viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) or other agent such as a proteinaceous infectious particle (prion) that can cause disease in humans or animals. 传染性物质分为两类.
B类感染性物质(UN 3373): An infectious substance that is not generally capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans of animals when exposure occurs. Category B infectious substances are materials that are infectious, but do not meet the definition of Category A infectious substances. 包括病人样本, tissue cultures, 以及被认为含有, 或者有一个合理的包含概率, 一种致病的有机体(如.g.(已知含有HIV病毒的血液). The proper shipping name for these substances is "Biological Substance, Category B (UN3373)".
If a specimen taken directly from a patient has a minimal likelihood of containing pathogens and medical history indicates no pre-existing pathogens (e.g., HIV, HBV). 这一决定是基于已知的病史, symptoms, and the individual circumstance of the source animal or human.
GMOs and GMMOs are organisms in which their genetic material has been altered through recombinant DNA techniques. If a GMO is non-infectious it is classified as a DOT class 9 (miscellaneous) hazard and is assigned to UN3245. 如果转基因生物具有潜在传染性, it must be assigned as a Category A infectious agent (UN2814 or UN2900), 或乙类传染物(UN3373). 如果运输到美国以外, contact UI Office of Research Administration (ORA) Export Controls for assistance in determining any specific export licensing requirements before proceeding.